fix(workbench): stabilize Kafka replay visibility

internal/cloud/kafka-event-bridge.test.ts

@@ -379,6 +379,19 @@ test("projects AgentRun fileChange and diff events without dropping paths or uni
   assert.deepEqual(fileChange.event.changes, changes);
   assert.equal(fileChange.event.fileCount, 2);
 
+  const truncatedFileChange = projectAgentRunKafkaEventToHwlabEvent({
+    schema: "agentrun.event.v1",
+    eventType: "agentrun.event.committed",
+    eventId: "evt_file_change_truncated",
+    traceId: "trc_file_change",
+    hwlabSessionId: "ses_file_change",
+    runId: "run_file_change",
+    event: { id: "evt_file_change_truncated", seq: 22, type: "tool_call", payload: { method: "item/completed", itemId: "item_large", type: "fileChange", toolName: "fileChange", status: "completed", changes: [{ path: "src/large.ts", kind: "add", additions: 400, deletions: 0, diffTruncated: true }], fileCount: 1, summary: { text: "bounded file change metadata", outputTruncated: true }, outputTruncated: true } }
+  }, { source: "hwlab-test", sourceTopic: "agentrun.event.debug.v1", sourceOffset: "22" });
+  assert.equal(truncatedFileChange.event.message, "AgentRun fileChange (1 file)");
+  assert.deepEqual(truncatedFileChange.event.changes, [{ path: "src/large.ts", kind: "add", additions: 400, deletions: 0, diffTruncated: true }]);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(truncatedFileChange.event.message, /\[object Object\]/u);
+
   const diff = projectAgentRunKafkaEventToHwlabEvent({
     schema: "agentrun.event.v1",
     eventType: "agentrun.event.committed",

internal/cloud/kafka-event-bridge.ts

@@ -1632,13 +1632,14 @@ function mapAgentRunSourceEventToHwlabEvent({ input, sourceEvent, payload, run,
   }
   if (type === "tool_call") {
     const toolName = firstText(payload.toolName, payload.name, payload.method) || "tool";
+    const changes = Array.isArray(payload.changes) ? payload.changes : [];
     return {
       ...base,
       type: "tool",
       eventType: "tool",
       status: firstText(payload.status) || "running",
       label: `agentrun:tool:${toolName}`,
-      message: textPayload(payload, `AgentRun tool ${toolName}`),
+      message: toolName === "fileChange" ? `AgentRun fileChange (${changes.length} file${changes.length === 1 ? "" : "s"})` : textPayload(payload, `AgentRun tool ${toolName}`),
       toolName,
       toolType: firstText(payload.type),
       method: firstText(payload.method),
@@ -1654,7 +1655,7 @@ function mapAgentRunSourceEventToHwlabEvent({ input, sourceEvent, payload, run,
       commandTruncated: payload.commandTruncated === true,
       outputBytes: integerValue(payload.outputBytes ?? payload.summary?.outputBytes),
       outputTruncated: payload.outputTruncated === true || payload.summary?.outputTruncated === true,
-      ...(Array.isArray(payload.changes) ? { changes: payload.changes, fileCount: integerValue(payload.fileCount) } : {}),
+      ...(changes.length > 0 ? { changes, fileCount: integerValue(payload.fileCount) } : {}),
       terminal: false
     };
   }
@@ -1936,7 +1937,7 @@ function kafkaHeaders(projected) {
 }
 
 function textPayload(payload, fallback) {
-  return firstText(payload.text, payload.message, payload.summary, payload.output, payload.errorMessage, payload.reason) || fallback;
+  return firstText(payload.text, payload.message, payload.summary?.text, payload.output, payload.errorMessage, payload.reason) || fallback;
 }
 
 function truthy(value) {

tools/hwlab-cli/kafka-regenerate.test.ts

@@ -551,15 +551,48 @@ test("fileChange and turn diff render real paths and unified diff as valid Markd
   ]);
   const markdown = renderTraceRowsMarkdown(rows);
   assert.equal(rows.length, 2);
-  assert.match(markdown, /fileChange src\/example\.ts, docs\/说明\.md/u);
+  assert.match(markdown, /2 个文件 · \+2 -1 · src\/example\.ts, docs\/说明\.md/u);
-  assert.match(markdown, /path: src\/example\.ts/u);
+  assert.match(markdown, /#### `src\/example\.ts`/u);
-  assert.match(markdown, /path: docs\/说明\.md/u);
+  assert.match(markdown, /#### `docs\/说明\.md`/u);
   assert.match(markdown, /\+export const value = 2;/u);
-  assert.match(markdown, /turn\/diff\/updated/u);
+  assert.match(markdown, /文件 diff 已更新/u);
   assert.match(markdown, /\+# 文件编辑可见/u);
   assert.equal((markdown.match(/<details>/gu) ?? []).length, 2);
   assert.equal((markdown.match(/<\/details>/gu) ?? []).length, 2);
-  assert.equal((markdown.match(/```text/gu) ?? []).length, 2);
+  assert.ok(rows.every((row) => row.bodyFormat === "markdown"));
+});
+
+test("fileChange rendering uses preserved stats and ignores historical object coercion", () => {
+  const rows = traceDisplayRows({ eventSource: "hwlab-kafka-sse" }, [
+    {
+      sourceSeq: 53,
+      type: "tool",
+      eventType: "tool",
+      status: "completed",
+      label: "agentrun:tool:fileChange",
+      toolName: "fileChange",
+      itemId: "item_large_file_change",
+      changes: [{ path: "/agentrun-workspace/src/large.ts", kind: "add", additions: 400, deletions: 0, diffTruncated: true }],
+      message: "bounded file change metadata",
+      createdAt: "2026-07-21T08:04:30.452Z"
+    },
+    {
+      sourceSeq: 54,
+      type: "tool",
+      eventType: "tool",
+      status: "completed",
+      label: "agentrun:tool:fileChange",
+      toolName: "fileChange",
+      itemId: "item_historical_file_change",
+      message: "[object Object]",
+      createdAt: "2026-07-21T08:04:31.452Z"
+    }
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(rows[0]?.preview, "src/large.ts · +400 -0");
+  assert.match(rows[0]?.body ?? "", /新增 · \+400 -0/u);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(rows), /\[object Object\]/u);
+  assert.equal(rows[1]?.body, null);
+  assert.equal(rows[1]?.preview, "fileChange");
 });
 
 test("outer final response suppression follows formal assistant identity instead of equal text", () => {

tools/src/hwlab-cli/trace-renderer.ts

@@ -403,13 +403,21 @@ function traceDiffFiles(event: TraceEvent): TraceDiffFile[] {
     return changes.map((change) => traceDiffFile(
       traceDiffPath(nonEmptyString(change.path)),
       traceDiffKind(change.kind),
-      nonEmptyString(change.diff) ?? ""
+      traceDiffText(change.diff) ?? "",
+      numberOrNull(change.additions),
+      numberOrNull(change.deletions)
     ));
   }
-  const diff = nonEmptyString(event.diff ?? event.message);
+  const diff = traceDiffText(event.diff ?? event.message);
   return diff ? traceUnifiedDiffFiles(diff) : [];
 }
 
+function traceDiffText(value: unknown): string | null {
+  if (typeof value !== "string") return null;
+  const text = value.trim();
+  return text && text !== "[object Object]" ? value : null;
+}
+
 function traceUnifiedDiffFiles(diff: string): TraceDiffFile[] {
   const sections: Array<{ path: string | null; lines: string[] }> = [];
   let current: { path: string | null; lines: string[] } = { path: null, lines: [] };
@@ -436,7 +444,7 @@ function traceDiffHeaderPath(value: string): string | null {
   return traceDiffPath(path.startsWith("b/") ? path.slice(2) : path);
 }
 
-function traceDiffFile(path: string | null, kind: string | null, diff: string): TraceDiffFile {
+function traceDiffFile(path: string | null, kind: string | null, diff: string, additionsHint: number | null = null, deletionsHint: number | null = null): TraceDiffFile {
   const normalizedDiff = traceNormalizedFileDiff(path, kind, diff);
   let additions = 0;
   let deletions = 0;
@@ -444,6 +452,10 @@ function traceDiffFile(path: string | null, kind: string | null, diff: string):
     if (line.startsWith("+") && !line.startsWith("+++")) additions += 1;
     if (line.startsWith("-") && !line.startsWith("---")) deletions += 1;
   }
+  if (!normalizedDiff) {
+    additions = additionsHint ?? additions;
+    deletions = deletionsHint ?? deletions;
+  }
   return { path, kind, diff: normalizedDiff, additions, deletions };
 }
 

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/api/workbench-events.test.ts

@@ -91,6 +91,57 @@ test("product EventSource batches a burst until the configured scheduler runs",
   }
 });
 
+test("retention replay reaches connected without animation frames", async () => {
+  const originalEventSource = globalThis.EventSource;
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const delivered: Array<[string, string | null]> = [];
+  let animationFrameCalls = 0;
+  FakeProductEventSource.instances = [];
+  globalThis.EventSource = FakeProductEventSource as unknown as typeof EventSource;
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, "window", {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      requestAnimationFrame: () => {
+        animationFrameCalls += 1;
+        return 1;
+      },
+      cancelAnimationFrame: () => undefined
+    }
+  });
+  try {
+    const stream = connectWorkbenchEvents({
+      realtimeCapabilities: { liveKafkaSse: true, kafkaRefreshReplay: true, projectionRealtime: false },
+      sessionId: "ses_background_replay",
+      flushMaxItemsPerChunk: 4,
+      flushMaxChunkMs: 8,
+      flushYieldMs: 0,
+      onEvent: (event, eventName) => delivered.push([eventName, event.eventId ?? null])
+    });
+    assert.ok(stream);
+    const source = FakeProductEventSource.instances[0];
+    for (let index = 0; index < 395; index += 1) {
+      source.emitRaw("hwlab.event.v1", JSON.stringify({ schema: "hwlab.event.v1", eventId: `evt_${index}` }));
+    }
+    source.emitRaw("workbench.connected", JSON.stringify({ type: "connected", filters: { sessionId: "ses_background_replay" } }));
+
+    await waitFor(() => delivered.length === 396, 1_000);
+    assert.equal(animationFrameCalls, 0);
+    assert.deepEqual(delivered.at(-1), ["workbench.connected", null]);
+    stream.close();
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.EventSource = originalEventSource;
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, "window", { configurable: true, value: originalWindow });
+  }
+});
+
+async function waitFor(predicate: () => boolean, timeoutMs: number): Promise<void> {
+  const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+  while (!predicate()) {
+    if (Date.now() >= deadline) throw new Error(`condition did not pass within ${timeoutMs}ms`);
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5));
+  }
+}
+
 class FakeProductEventSource {
   static instances: FakeProductEventSource[] = [];
   onopen: ((event: Event) => void) | null = null;

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/api/workbench-events.ts

@@ -179,6 +179,9 @@ export function connectWorkbenchEvents(options: WorkbenchEventStreamOptions): Wo
     close() {
       queue.clear("stream-close");
       for (const { name, listener } of listeners) source.removeEventListener(name, listener);
+      source.onopen = null;
+      source.onerror = null;
+      source.onmessage = null;
       recordWorkbenchSseLifecycle({ state: "close", route: eventRoute, sessionId: options.sessionId, traceId: options.traceId });
       source.close();
     }
@@ -211,12 +214,23 @@ function enqueueRealtimeFrame(raw: unknown, eventName: string, options: Workbenc
   if (decoded.payload) queue.push({ payload: decoded.payload as WorkbenchRealtimeEvent, eventName });
 }
 
-function scheduleRealtimeFlushYield(flush: () => void, yieldMs: number | null | undefined): () => void {
+export function scheduleRealtimeFlushYield(flush: () => void, yieldMs: number | null | undefined): () => void {
-  if (typeof window !== "undefined" && typeof window.requestAnimationFrame === "function" && (!Number.isFinite(Number(yieldMs)) || Number(yieldMs) <= 0)) {
-    const id = window.requestAnimationFrame(() => flush());
-    return () => window.cancelAnimationFrame(id);
-  }
   const delay = Math.max(0, Math.trunc(Number(yieldMs ?? 0)));
+  if (delay === 0 && typeof MessageChannel !== "undefined") {
+    const channel = new MessageChannel();
+    let canceled = false;
+    channel.port1.onmessage = () => {
+      channel.port1.close();
+      channel.port2.close();
+      if (!canceled) flush();
+    };
+    channel.port2.postMessage(undefined);
+    return () => {
+      canceled = true;
+      channel.port1.close();
+      channel.port2.close();
+    };
+  }
   const id = setTimeout(() => flush(), delay);
   return () => clearTimeout(id);
 }

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/composables/useBottomFollowScroll.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "bun:test";
+
+import { resolveBottomFollowingAfterScroll } from "./useBottomFollowScroll";
+
+test("content growth before alignment does not cancel bottom following", () => {
+  assert.equal(resolveBottomFollowingAfterScroll({
+    following: true,
+    previousScrollTop: 400,
+    currentScrollTop: 400,
+    distanceToBottom: 180,
+    threshold: 24
+  }), true);
+});
+
+test("an actual upward scroll pauses following until the user returns to bottom", () => {
+  const paused = resolveBottomFollowingAfterScroll({
+    following: true,
+    previousScrollTop: 580,
+    currentScrollTop: 300,
+    distanceToBottom: 280,
+    threshold: 24
+  });
+  assert.equal(paused, false);
+  assert.equal(resolveBottomFollowingAfterScroll({
+    following: paused,
+    previousScrollTop: 300,
+    currentScrollTop: 556,
+    distanceToBottom: 24,
+    threshold: 24
+  }), true);
+});

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/composables/useBottomFollowScroll.ts

@@ -5,12 +5,27 @@ export interface BottomFollowScrollOptions {
   initialFollowing?: boolean;
 }
 
+export interface BottomFollowPositionState {
+  following: boolean;
+  previousScrollTop: number;
+  currentScrollTop: number;
+  distanceToBottom: number;
+  threshold: number;
+}
+
+export function resolveBottomFollowingAfterScroll(state: BottomFollowPositionState): boolean {
+  if (state.distanceToBottom <= state.threshold) return true;
+  if (!state.following) return false;
+  return state.currentScrollTop + 1 >= state.previousScrollTop;
+}
+
 export function useBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerRef: Ref<T | null>, options: BottomFollowScrollOptions = {}) {
   const threshold = options.threshold ?? 24;
   const following = ref(options.initialFollowing ?? true);
   let animationFrame: number | null = null;
   let releaseProgrammaticFrame: number | null = null;
   let programmaticScroll = false;
+  let lastScrollTop = 0;
   let observedElement: T | null = null;
   let mutationObserver: MutationObserver | null = null;
   let resizeObserver: ResizeObserver | null = null;
@@ -32,8 +47,19 @@ export function useBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerRef: Ref<T
   });
 
   function onScroll(): void {
-    if (programmaticScroll) return;
+    const element = containerRef.value;
-    syncFollowingFromPosition();
+    if (!element) return;
+    const currentScrollTop = element.scrollTop;
+    if (!programmaticScroll) {
+      following.value = resolveBottomFollowingAfterScroll({
+        following: following.value,
+        previousScrollTop: lastScrollTop,
+        currentScrollTop,
+        distanceToBottom: distanceToBottom(element),
+        threshold
+      });
+    }
+    lastScrollTop = currentScrollTop;
   }
 
   async function keepBottomAfterUpdate(): Promise<void> {
@@ -64,6 +90,7 @@ export function useBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerRef: Ref<T
     const element = containerRef.value;
     if (!element) return;
     following.value = distanceToBottom(element) <= threshold;
+    lastScrollTop = element.scrollTop;
   }
 
   function scheduleBottomAlignment(): void {
@@ -79,7 +106,9 @@ export function useBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerRef: Ref<T
 
   function alignBottom(element: HTMLElement): void {
     markProgrammaticScroll();
-    element.scrollTo({ top: maxScrollTop(element), behavior: "auto" });
+    const scrollTop = maxScrollTop(element);
+    lastScrollTop = scrollTop;
+    element.scrollTo({ top: scrollTop, behavior: "auto" });
   }
 
   function markProgrammaticScroll(): void {
@@ -88,7 +117,8 @@ export function useBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerRef: Ref<T
     releaseProgrammaticFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
       releaseProgrammaticFrame = null;
       programmaticScroll = false;
-      syncFollowingFromPosition();
+      const element = containerRef.value;
+      if (element && following.value && distanceToBottom(element) > threshold) scheduleBottomAlignment();
     });
   }
 
@@ -97,9 +127,12 @@ export function useBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerRef: Ref<T
     disconnectObservers();
     observedElement = element;
     if (!element) return;
+    lastScrollTop = element.scrollTop;
 
-    const onContentChanged = () => {
+    const onContentChanged = (records: MutationRecord[]) => {
-      refreshResizeTargets(element);
+      if (records.some((record) => record.type === "childList" && record.target === element)) {
+        refreshResizeTargets(element);
+      }
       if (following.value) scheduleBottomAlignment();
     };
     mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(onContentChanged);
@@ -140,5 +173,5 @@ export function useBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerRef: Ref<T
     return Math.max(0, element.scrollHeight - element.clientHeight);
   }
 
-  return { following, keepBottomAfterUpdate, onScroll, pauseFollowing, resumeFollowing, scrollToBottom, toggleFollowing };
+  return { following, keepBottomAfterUpdate, onScroll, pauseFollowing, resumeFollowing, scrollToBottom, syncFollowingFromPosition, toggleFollowing };
 }

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/composables/useWorkbenchScrollRuntime.ts

@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ export function useWorkbenchBottomFollowScroll<T extends HTMLElement>(containerR
     const pos = scrollPersistence.scroll(sessionKey.value, tabKey);
     if (!pos) return;
     element.scrollTo({ left: pos.x, top: pos.y, behavior: "auto" });
+    bottom.syncFollowingFromPosition();
   }
 
   function persistScroll(): void {

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/stores/workbench.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { createWorkbenchHealthProbeCache } from "@/utils/workbench-health";
 import { agentErrorFromProjection, normalizeApiErrorRecord, normalizeErrorDiagnostic, normalizeProjectionDiagnostic, projectionDiagnosticFromApiFailure, projectionDiagnosticFromFailure } from "@/utils/workbench-error-runtime";
 import { readWorkbenchJson, readWorkbenchNumber, readWorkbenchString, removeWorkbenchStorageKey, writeWorkbenchJson, writeWorkbenchString } from "@/utils/workbench-storage-runtime";
 import { createWorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime, workbenchRealtimeTraceIdForCapabilities, type WorkbenchRealtimeEvent, type WorkbenchStreamTransportRecovery } from "@/utils/workbench-realtime-runtime";
+import { createWorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime } from "@/utils/workbench-replay-visibility";
 import { mergeRunnerTrace, type TraceSnapshot } from "@/composables/workbench-trace-snapshot";
 import type { AgentChatResponse, AgentChatResultResponse, ApiError, ApiResult, ChatMessage, ErrorDiagnostic, LiveSurface, ProjectionBlocker, ProjectionDiagnostic, ProviderProfile, TraceEvent, WorkbenchSessionRecord, WorkbenchTurnTimingProjection } from "@/types";
 import { firstNonEmptyString, nextProtocolId, normalizeWorkbenchSessionId, normalizeWorkbenchSessionRouteId } from "@/utils";
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ export const useWorkbenchStore = defineStore("workbench", () => {
   const turnStatusAuthority = computed(() => selectTurnStatusAuthority(serverState.value));
   const traceAuthorityById = computed(() => selectTraceAuthorityById(serverState.value));
   const realtimeTransport = createWorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime();
+  const replayVisibility = createWorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime();
   const workbenchProjectionSignalSourceId = nextProtocolId("wbtab");
   let workbenchProjectionSignalChannel: BroadcastChannel | null = null;
   const workbenchHealthProbeCache = createWorkbenchHealthProbeCache({ cacheMs: runtimePolicy.workbenchReadFailureCooldownMs });
@@ -862,6 +864,9 @@ export const useWorkbenchStore = defineStore("workbench", () => {
       realtimeReplayLoadingSessionId.value = realtimeCapabilities.kafkaRefreshReplay ? sessionId : null;
       realtimeTransportPhase.value = "connecting";
     }
+    if (realtimeCapabilities.liveKafkaSse && realtimeCapabilities.kafkaRefreshReplay && (scopeChanged || forceReconnect)) {
+      replayVisibility.begin(realtimeScopeKey);
+    }
     if (debugCapabilities.rawHwlabEventWindow.enabled && scopeChanged) rawHwlabIngress.value = createRawHwlabIngressState(realtimeScopeKey);
     realtimeTransport.restart({
       realtimeCapabilities,
@@ -876,16 +881,23 @@ export const useWorkbenchStore = defineStore("workbench", () => {
         ? (frame) => { rawHwlabIngress.value = appendRawHwlabIngressFrame(rawHwlabIngress.value, frame, debugCapabilities.rawHwlabEventWindow); }
         : undefined,
       onError: () => {
+        replayVisibility.discard(realtimeScopeKey);
         if (realtimeCapabilities.liveKafkaSse) liveRealtimeReadySessionId.value = null;
       },
       onState: (state) => {
         realtimeTransportPhase.value = state.phase;
         if (realtimeCapabilities.liveKafkaSse && ["connecting", "error", "closed", "blocked"].includes(state.phase)) liveRealtimeReadySessionId.value = null;
+        if (["error", "closed", "blocked"].includes(state.phase)) replayVisibility.discard(realtimeScopeKey);
       },
       onRecovery: (recovery) => handleRealtimeRecovery(recovery),
       onEvent: (event, eventName) => {
         if (realtimeCapabilities.liveKafkaSse && eventName === "workbench.connected") {
           const assessment = assessWorkbenchRealtimeConnected(event, sessionId, realtimeCapabilities.kafkaRefreshReplay);
+          if (assessment.ready) {
+            for (const frame of replayVisibility.commit(realtimeScopeKey)) applyRealtimeEvent(frame.event, frame.eventName);
+          } else {
+            replayVisibility.discard(realtimeScopeKey);
+          }
           liveRealtimeReadySessionId.value = assessment.ready ? assessment.connectedSessionId : null;
           if (assessment.ready && realtimeReplayLoadingSessionId.value === assessment.connectedSessionId) realtimeReplayLoadingSessionId.value = null;
           if (assessment.warning) {
@@ -911,6 +923,7 @@ export const useWorkbenchStore = defineStore("workbench", () => {
             error.value = null;
           }
         }
+        if (replayVisibility.stage(realtimeScopeKey, { event, eventName })) return;
         applyRealtimeEvent(event, eventName);
       }
     });

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/utils/workbench-replay-visibility.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import type { WorkbenchRealtimeEvent } from "@/api/workbench-events";
+import { createWorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime } from "./workbench-replay-visibility";
+
+describe("Workbench replay visibility", () => {
+  it("keeps the visible projection stable until retained replay reaches live handoff", () => {
+    const runtime = createWorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime();
+    let visibleLastEventAt = "2026-07-21T12:00:00.000Z";
+    const apply = (event: WorkbenchRealtimeEvent) => {
+      visibleLastEventAt = String(event.event?.createdAt);
+    };
+
+    runtime.begin("session:ses_running");
+    expect(runtime.stage("session:ses_running", kafkaFrame("2026-07-21T11:55:00.000Z"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(runtime.stage("session:ses_running", kafkaFrame("2026-07-21T11:58:00.000Z"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(runtime.stage("session:ses_running", kafkaFrame("2026-07-21T12:00:01.000Z"))).toBe(true);
+
+    expect(visibleLastEventAt).toBe("2026-07-21T12:00:00.000Z");
+
+    for (const frame of runtime.commit("session:ses_running")) apply(frame.event);
+    expect(visibleLastEventAt).toBe("2026-07-21T12:00:01.000Z");
+
+    expect(runtime.stage("session:ses_running", kafkaFrame("2026-07-21T12:00:03.000Z"))).toBe(false);
+    apply(kafkaFrame("2026-07-21T12:00:03.000Z").event);
+    expect(visibleLastEventAt).toBe("2026-07-21T12:00:03.000Z");
+  });
+
+  it("discards a partial replay when its stream is replaced", () => {
+    const runtime = createWorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime();
+    runtime.begin("session:ses_old");
+    runtime.stage("session:ses_old", kafkaFrame("2026-07-21T11:55:00.000Z"));
+
+    runtime.begin("session:ses_current");
+
+    expect(runtime.commit("session:ses_old")).toEqual([]);
+    expect(runtime.commit("session:ses_current")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("does not delay non-business errors during replay", () => {
+    const runtime = createWorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime();
+    runtime.begin("session:ses_running");
+
+    expect(runtime.stage("session:ses_running", {
+      eventName: "workbench.error",
+      event: { type: "error", error: "upstream unavailable" }
+    })).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+function kafkaFrame(createdAt: string) {
+  return {
+    eventName: "hwlab.event.v1",
+    event: {
+      schema: "hwlab.event.v1",
+      event: { traceId: "trc_replay", sessionId: "ses_running", createdAt }
+    } as WorkbenchRealtimeEvent
+  };
+}

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/utils/workbench-replay-visibility.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// SPEC: PJ2026-010401080313 Workbench realtime authority draft-2026-07-20-p0-kafka-sse-single-projection.
+// Responsibility: Keep a retained Kafka replay invisible until its SSE live handoff is complete.
+
+import type { WorkbenchRealtimeEvent } from "@/api/workbench-events";
+
+export interface WorkbenchReplayVisibilityFrame {
+  event: WorkbenchRealtimeEvent;
+  eventName: string;
+}
+
+export class WorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime {
+  private scopeKey: string | null = null;
+  private frames: WorkbenchReplayVisibilityFrame[] = [];
+
+  begin(scopeKey: string): void {
+    this.scopeKey = scopeKey;
+    this.frames = [];
+  }
+
+  stage(scopeKey: string, frame: WorkbenchReplayVisibilityFrame): boolean {
+    if (scopeKey !== this.scopeKey || !isKafkaBusinessFrame(frame)) return false;
+    this.frames.push(frame);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  commit(scopeKey: string): WorkbenchReplayVisibilityFrame[] {
+    if (scopeKey !== this.scopeKey) return [];
+    const frames = this.frames;
+    this.scopeKey = null;
+    this.frames = [];
+    return frames;
+  }
+
+  discard(scopeKey?: string | null): void {
+    if (scopeKey && scopeKey !== this.scopeKey) return;
+    this.scopeKey = null;
+    this.frames = [];
+  }
+}
+
+export function createWorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime(): WorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime {
+  return new WorkbenchReplayVisibilityRuntime();
+}
+
+function isKafkaBusinessFrame(frame: WorkbenchReplayVisibilityFrame): boolean {
+  return frame.eventName === "hwlab.event.v1" || frame.event.schema === "hwlab.event.v1";
+}

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/utils/workbench-stream-transport.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// @vitest-environment jsdom
+
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import type { WorkbenchRealtimeCapabilities } from "@/config/runtime";
+import { WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime, type WorkbenchStreamTransportState } from "./workbench-stream-transport";
+
+const capabilities: WorkbenchRealtimeCapabilities = {
+  liveKafkaSse: true,
+  kafkaRefreshReplay: true,
+  projectionRealtime: false
+};
+
+describe("WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime connection authority", () => {
+  const originalEventSource = globalThis.EventSource;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    FakeEventSource.instances = [];
+    globalThis.EventSource = FakeEventSource as unknown as typeof EventSource;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    globalThis.EventSource = originalEventSource;
+  });
+
+  it("ignores late callbacks from a replaced SSE connection", () => {
+    const runtime = new WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime();
+    const states: WorkbenchStreamTransportState[] = [];
+    const recoveries: string[] = [];
+
+    runtime.restart({
+      realtimeCapabilities: capabilities,
+      sessionId: "ses_old",
+      onState: (state) => states.push(state),
+      onRecovery: (recovery) => recoveries.push(recovery.key),
+      onEvent: () => undefined
+    });
+    const oldSource = FakeEventSource.instances[0];
+    expect(oldSource).toBeDefined();
+    const lateOpen = oldSource?.onopen;
+    const lateError = oldSource?.onerror;
+
+    runtime.restart({
+      realtimeCapabilities: capabilities,
+      sessionId: "ses_current",
+      onState: (state) => states.push(state),
+      onRecovery: (recovery) => recoveries.push(recovery.key),
+      onEvent: () => undefined
+    });
+    const currentSource = FakeEventSource.instances[1];
+    expect(currentSource).toBeDefined();
+    expect(states.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ sessionId: "ses_current", phase: "connecting" });
+
+    lateOpen?.(new Event("open"));
+    lateError?.(new Event("error"));
+
+    expect(states.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ sessionId: "ses_current", phase: "connecting" });
+    expect(recoveries).toEqual([]);
+
+    currentSource?.emitOpen();
+    expect(states.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ sessionId: "ses_current", phase: "open" });
+    runtime.stop();
+  });
+});
+
+class FakeEventSource {
+  static instances: FakeEventSource[] = [];
+  onopen: ((event: Event) => void) | null = null;
+  onerror: ((event: Event) => void) | null = null;
+  onmessage: ((event: MessageEvent) => void) | null = null;
+
+  constructor(readonly url: string | URL) {
+    FakeEventSource.instances.push(this);
+  }
+
+  addEventListener(): void {}
+  removeEventListener(): void {}
+
+  close(): void {}
+
+  emitOpen(): void {
+    this.onopen?.(new Event("open"));
+  }
+
+}

web/hwlab-cloud-web/src/utils/workbench-stream-transport.ts

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ export function workbenchRealtimeTransportEnabled(capabilities: WorkbenchRealtim
 export class WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime {
   private stream: WorkbenchEventStream | null = null;
   private key = "";
+  private generation = 0;
   private tick = 0;
   private wait: WorkbenchTransportWait | null = null;
   private readonly cursorByKey = new Map<string, WorkbenchTransportCursor>();
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ export class WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime {
     if (key === this.key && this.stream && input.forceReconnect !== true) return { key, changed: false, streamStarted: true };
     this.stop();
     this.key = key;
+    const generation = this.generation;
     this.armWait(key);
     if (!workbenchRealtimeTransportEnabled(input.realtimeCapabilities)) return { key, changed: true, streamStarted: false };
     if (!input.sessionId && !input.traceId) return { key, changed: true, streamStarted: false };
@@ -121,17 +123,20 @@ export class WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime {
       flushYieldMs: input.flushYieldMs,
       onIngress: input.onIngress,
       onOpen: () => {
+        if (!this.isCurrentStream(key, generation)) return;
         this.markLive(key);
         this.emitState(input, "open", null);
         input.onOpen?.();
       },
       onError: (event) => {
+        if (!this.isCurrentStream(key, generation)) return;
         this.markBlocked(key);
         this.emitState(input, "error", null, event.type);
         input.onError?.(event);
         this.requestRecovery(input, event.type || "eventsource-error");
       },
       onEvent: (event, eventName) => {
+        if (!this.isCurrentStream(key, generation)) return;
         if (!input.realtimeCapabilities.liveKafkaSse && input.realtimeCapabilities.projectionRealtime) this.rememberCursor(key, event);
         this.markLive(key);
         this.emitState(input, "event", eventName);
@@ -143,6 +148,7 @@ export class WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime {
 
   stop(): void {
     const previousKey = this.key;
+    this.generation += 1;
     this.stream?.close();
     this.stream = null;
     this.key = "";
@@ -157,6 +163,10 @@ export class WorkbenchStreamTransportRuntime {
     return this.cursorByKey.get(key) ?? { outboxSeq: null, traceSeq: null };
   }
 
+  private isCurrentStream(key: string, generation: number): boolean {
+    return this.stream !== null && this.key === key && this.generation === generation;
+  }
+
   clear(key?: string | null): void {
     const normalized = normalizeKey(key);
     if (normalized) {